metaballs/MetaballsKit/MarchingSquares.swift

//
//  MarchingSquares.swift
//  Metaballs
//
//  Created by Eryn Wells on 10/11/18.
//  Copyright © 2018 Eryn Wells. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation
import Metal

class MarchingSquares {
    private var field: Field
    private var sampleGridSize: Size

    /// Samples of the field's current state.
    private(set) var samples: MTLTexture?
    /// Indexes of geometry to render.
    private(set) var indexes: MTLTexture?

    private(set) var gridGeometry: MTLBuffer?

    private var xSamples: Int {
        return Int(field.size.x / sampleGridSize.x)
    }

    private var ySamples: Int {
        return Int(field.size.y / sampleGridSize.y)
    }

    private var xGridlinesCount: Int {
        let xSamples = Int(field.size.x / sampleGridSize.x)
        return xSamples - 1
    }

    private var yGridlinesCount: Int {
        let ySamples = Int(field.size.y / sampleGridSize.y)
        return ySamples - 1
    }

    var gridVertexCount: Int {
        return xGridlinesCount * 2 + yGridlinesCount * 2
    }

    init(field: Field) {
        self.field = field
        sampleGridSize = Size(16)
    }

    func setupMetal(withDevice device: MTLDevice) {
        guard xSamples > 1 && ySamples > 1 else {
            return
        }

        let samplesDesc = MTLTextureDescriptor()
        samplesDesc.textureType = .type2D
        samplesDesc.width = xSamples
        samplesDesc.height = ySamples
        samplesDesc.pixelFormat = .r32Float
        samples = device.makeTexture(descriptor: samplesDesc)

        let indexesDesc = MTLTextureDescriptor()
        indexesDesc.textureType = .type2D
        indexesDesc.width = xSamples - 1
        indexesDesc.height = ySamples - 1
        indexesDesc.pixelFormat = .a8Unorm
        indexes = device.makeTexture(descriptor: indexesDesc)

        let gridGeometryLength = MemoryLayout<Vertex>.stride * gridVertexCount
        gridGeometry = device.makeBuffer(length: gridGeometryLength, options: .storageModeShared)
        populateGridGeometryBuffer()
    }

    func fieldDidResize() {
        guard let gridGeometry = gridGeometry else {
            return
        }
        let gridGeometryLength = MemoryLayout<Vertex>.stride * gridVertexCount
        self.gridGeometry = gridGeometry.device.makeBuffer(length: gridGeometryLength, options: .storageModeShared)
        populateGridGeometryBuffer()
    }

    private func populateGridGeometryBuffer() {
        guard let gridGeometry = gridGeometry else {
            return
        }

        print("Rebuilding gridlines")

        var vertices = [Vertex]()

        let fieldSizeX = Float(field.size.x)
        let fieldSizeY = Float(field.size.y)

        for x in 1..<xSamples {
            let xCoord = Float(x * Int(sampleGridSize.x))
            vertices.append(Vertex(position: Float2(xCoord, 0), textureCoordinate: Float2()))
            vertices.append(Vertex(position: Float2(xCoord, fieldSizeY), textureCoordinate: Float2()))
        }

        for y in 1..<ySamples {
            let yCoord = Float(y * Int(sampleGridSize.y))
            vertices.append(Vertex(position: Float2(0, yCoord), textureCoordinate: Float2()))
            vertices.append(Vertex(position: Float2(fieldSizeX, yCoord), textureCoordinate: Float2()))
        }

        memcpy(gridGeometry.contents(), vertices, MemoryLayout<Vertex>.stride * vertices.count)
    }

    func sampleField() {
        guard let samples = samples else { return }

        let bytesPerRow = samples.width * MemoryLayout<Float>.stride

        for xSample in 0..<samples.width {
            let x = Float(xSample * Int(sampleGridSize.x))
            for ySample in 0..<samples.height {
                let y = Float(ySample * Int(sampleGridSize.y))
                let sample = [field.sample(at: Float2(x: x, y: y))]

                let origin = MTLOrigin(x: xSample, y: ySample, z: 0)
                let size = MTLSize(width: 1, height: 1, depth: 1)
                let region = MTLRegion(origin: origin, size: size)
                samples.replace(region: region, mipmapLevel: 0, withBytes: sample, bytesPerRow: bytesPerRow)
            }
        }
    }

    func populateIndexes() {
        guard let indexes = indexes else { return }

        let bytesPerRow = indexes.width * MemoryLayout<UInt8>.stride

        for x in 0..<indexes.width {
            for y in 0..<indexes.height {
                guard let samples = getSampleBlock(x: x, y: y) else {
                    continue
                }

                let index = (samples[0] > 1.0 ? 0b1000 : 0) +
                            (samples[1] > 1.0 ? 0b0100 : 0) +
                            (samples[2] > 1.0 ? 0b0001 : 0) +
                            (samples[3] > 1.0 ? 0b0010 : 0)

                let origin = MTLOrigin(x: x, y: y, z: 0)
                let size = MTLSize(width: 1, height: 1, depth: 1)
                let region = MTLRegion(origin: origin, size: size)
                let indexArr = [index]
                indexes.replace(region: region, mipmapLevel: 0, withBytes: indexArr, bytesPerRow: bytesPerRow)
            }
        }
    }

    private func getSampleBlock(x: Int, y: Int) -> [Float]? {
        guard let samples = samples else {
            return nil
        }

        var block: [Float] = [0, 0, 0, 0]
        let bytesPerRow = samples.width * MemoryLayout<Float>.stride
        let origin = MTLOrigin(x: x, y: y, z: 0)
        let size = MTLSize(width: 2, height: 2, depth: 1)
        let region = MTLRegion(origin: origin, size: size)
        samples.getBytes(&block, bytesPerRow: bytesPerRow, from: region, mipmapLevel: 0)

        return block
    }
}